Yossef S. Ben-Porath, PhD, Auke Tellegen, PhD
Age Range:18 years and older
Administration:Online, computer, CD, or paper and pencil
Scoring Option:Q-global™ Scoring & Reporting, Q-Local™ Software, Hand Scoring, or Mail-in Scoring Service
Composed of 338 items, with the RC (Restructured Clinical) Scales at its core, the MMPI-2-RF builds on the strengths of the MMPI®-2 test to create a new standard. Psychometrically up-to-date, the MMPI-2-RF is linked to current models of psychopathology and personality. A comprehensive technical manual for the MMPI-2-RF reports empirical correlates of the scales in a range of settings, including mental health inpatient and outpatient clinics, substance abuse treatment centers, criminal court proceedings, personal injury and disability evaluations, and public safety employment evaluations.
The MMPI-2-RF provides a valuable alternative to the MMPI-2 test. The MMPI-2 test continues to be published and fully supported by the University of Minnesota Press and distributed exclusively by Pearson.
How to Use this Test
The MMPI-2-RF aids clinicians in the assessment of mental disorders, identification of specific problem areas, and treatment planning in a variety of settings. The test can be used to help:
- Assess major symptoms of psychopathology, personality characteristics, and behavioral proclivities.
- Evaluate participants in substance abuse programs and select appropriate treatment approaches.
- Assess medical patients and design effective treatment strategies, including chronic pain management.
- Support college and career counseling recommendations.
- Provide valuable insight for marriage and family counseling.
- Support classification, treatment, and management decisions in criminal justice and correctional settings.
- Give strong empirical foundation for expert testimony in forensic evaluations.
- Identify high-risk candidates in public safety screening and selection settings.
Applications
- Use of the MMPI-2-RF in Clinical and Non-Clinical Settings (1:36)
- Forensic settings (3:12)
- Medical settings (1:35)
- Public Safety Settings (3:07)
Key Features
- Comprehensive technical manual that presents empirical data.The technical manual reports empirical correlates of the scales in a range of settings, including mental health inpatient and outpatient clinics, substance abuse treatment centers, criminal court proceedings, personal injury and disability evaluations, and public safety employment evaluations.
- Nationally representative normative sample. Drawn from the MMPI-2 normative sample, the MMPI-2-RF normative sample consists of 2,276 men and women between the ages of 18 and 80 from several regions and diverse communities in the U.S.
- Availability of comparison samples. Descriptive data from a broad range of settings make it possible for test users to compare individual test results with relevant reference groups in settings such as mental health, medical, forensic, criminal justice, and public safety.
- Only 35–50 minutes to administer.
Save even more time—administration by computer takes only 25–35 minutes.
Comparison Groups
The following comparison groups are available in the Score and Interpretive reports.
- MMPI-2-RF Normative
- Outpatient, Community Mental Health Center
- Outpatient, Independent Practice
- Psychiatric Inpatient, Community Hospital
- Psychiatric Inpatient, VA Hospital
- Substance Abuse Treatment, VA Hospital
- Bariatric Surgery Candidate
- College Counseling Clinic
- College Student
- Forensic, Child Custody Litigant
- Forensic, Disability Claimant
- Forensic, Parental Fitness Evaluee
- Forensic, Pre-trial Criminal
- Forensic, Neuropsychological Examination Litigant/Claimant
- Prison Inmate
- Personnel Screening, Law Enforcement Officer
- Personnel Screening, Corrections Officer
- Personnel Screening, Clergy
- Chronic Pain Evaluee
- Spine Surgery/Spinal Cord Stimulator Candidate
- Sex Offender Child Victim Evaluee
- Sexual Addiction Treatment Evaluee
- Personnel Screening, Firefighter
Software and Report Features
- Administer an audio version of the MMPI-2-RF on-screen
- Easily convert MMPI-2 records to MMPI-2-RF records for comparison
- Add comparative means and standard deviations for 18 different settings to your MMPI-2-RF Interpretive Report (product code #51563) or MMPI-2-RF Score Report (product code #51562)
- Add annotation, end notes, and hover text to your MMPI-2-RF Interpretive Report—see illustration below
Other recent enhancements
- Create customized comparison groups with the Comparison Group Generator
- Generate item-level responses for any of the 51 scales, choosing from a number of cut-off options
- Easily identify and evaluate scores by domain using a new one-page summary
- Obtain scores for the new Response Bias Scale (RBS)
- Print an MMPI-2-RF report from an MMPI-2 protocol with the touch of a button
- Access referenced research articles using hyperlinks in the MMPI-2-RF report reference list
- Import / export of custom comparison groups
Q Local 3.1 Now Available
Scales
Validity
? – Cannot Say (reported as a raw score only, not plotted)
VRIN-r – Variable Response Inconsistency
TRIN-r – True Response Inconsistency
F-r – Infrequent Responses
Fp-r – Infrequent Psychopathology Responses
Fs – Infrequent Somatic Responses
FBS-r – Symptom Validity
RBS – Response Bias Scale
L-r – Uncommon Virtues
K-r – Adjustment Validity
Higher-Order (H-O) and Restructured Clinical (RC)
Higher-Order (H-O)
EID – Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction
THD – Thought Dysfunction
BXD – Behavioral/Externalizing Dysfunction
RC (Restructured Clinical)
RCd – Demoralization
RC1 – Somatic Complaints
RC2 – Low Positive Emotions
RC3 – Cynicism
RC4 – Antisocial Behavior
RC6 – Ideas of Persecution
RC7 – Dysfunctional Negative Emotions
RC8 – Aberrant Experiences
RC9 – Hypomanic Activation
Somatic/Cognitive and Internalizing
Somatic/Cognitive
MLS – Malaise
GIC – Gastrointestinal Complaints
HPC – Head Pain Complaints
NUC – Neurological Complaints
COG – Cognitive Complaints
Internalizing Scales
SUI – Suicidal/Death Ideation
HLP – Helplessness/Hopelessness
SFD – Self-Doubt
NFC – Inefficacy
STW – Stress/Worry
AXY – Anxiety
ANP – Anger Proneness
BRF – Behavior-Restricting Fears
MSF – Multiple Specific Fears
Externalizing, Interpersonal, and Interest
Externalizing
JCP – Juvenile Conduct Problems
SUB – Substance Abuse
AGG – Aggression
ACT – Activation
Interpersonal Scales
FML – Family Problems
IPP – Interpersonal Passivity
SAV – Social Avoidance
SHY – Shyness
DSF – Disaffiliativeness
Interest Scales
AES – Aesthetic-Literary Interests
MEC – Mechanical-Physical Interests
Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) Scales
AGGR-r – Aggressiveness-Revised
PSYC-r – Psychoticism-Revised
DISC-r – Disconstraint-Revised
NEGE-r – Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism-Revised
INTR-r – Introversion/Low Positive Emotionality-Revised
Psychometric Information
The MMPI-2-RF normative sample is drawn from the MMPI-2 normative sample. It consists of 2,276 men and women between the ages of 18 and 80 from several regions and diverse communities in the U.S. The MMPI-2-RF T scores are non-gendered and non-K-corrected.
The MMPI-2-RF® Score and Interpretive Reports provide raw and T scores for all 51 empirically validated scales of the MMPI-2-RF. These reports also enable users to include comparative means and standard deviations for 20 different comparison groups and to create their own customized comparison groups.
Score Report
This report provides scores for all 51 scales of the test in the following profiles:
- Validity scales
- Higher-Order and Restructured Clinical (RC) scales
- Somatic/Cognitive and Internalizing scales
- Externalizing, Interpersonal, and Interest scales
- PSY-5 scales
Sample Reports
Bariatric Surgery Candidate Score Report
Forensic, Neuropsychological Score Report
Forensic, Pre-trial Criminal Score Report
Personnel Screening, Law Enforcement Score Report
Psychiatric Inpatient Score Report
Interpretive Report
This report includes full scoring information (see Score Report) and an integrated interpretation of scores organized in the following sections:
- Synopsis – Summary of the major conclusions
- Protocol Validity – Comprehensive information about potential threats to test validity
- Substantive Scale Interpretation – Description of clinical symptoms, personality characteristics, and behavioral tendencies
- Diagnostic Considerations – Diagnostic possibilities indicated by test results
- Treatment Considerations – Recommendations pertaining to treatment planning
- Item–Level Information – List of unscorable responses, critical responses, and user-designated item-level information
- Endnotes – Identification of scores that triggered each interpretive statement
- Research Reference List – Sources of interpretive statements based on empirical correlates
Sample Report
MMPI-2-RF Annotated Sample Interpretive Report
Psychiatric Inpatient Interpretive Report
Police Candidate Interpretive Report
Authors: David M. Corey & Yossef S. Ben-Porath
The new MMPI-2-RF Police Candidate Interpretive Report (PCIR), developed based on the most current police officer outcome research, is designed to assist psychologists in confidently evaluating police officer candidates accurately and efficiently. The PCIR provides comprehensive scoring information (see Score Report) with an integrated interpretation of scores based on a comparison group of more than 2000 police candidates assessed throughout North America. The integrated interpretation of scores is organized in the following sections.
- Synopsis – Summary of major conclusions
- Protocol Validity – Comprehensive information about test validity with guidance on implications of overly positive self-presentation
- Clinical Findings – Description of clinical-level symptoms, personality characteristics, and behavioral tendencies
- Diagnostic Considerations – Diagnostic possibilities indicated by test results
- Comparison Group Findings – Substantive scale findings in the context of the police officer candidate comparison group
- Job-Relevant Correlates – Potential problems in 10 job domains identified as relevant to police candidate suitability
- Item–Level Information – List of unscorable responses, critical responses, user-designated item-level information, and critical follow-up items for police candidate evaluations
- End Notes – Identification of scores that triggered each interpretive statement
- Research Reference List – Sources of interpretive statements based on empirical correlates
Sample Reports
Case Study and Police Candidate Interpretive Report (1)
Case Study and Police Candidate Interpretive Report (2)
Annotated Police Candidate Interpretive Report
Scoring and Reporting Options
Q-global™ Web-based Administration, Scoring, and Reporting – Enables you to quickly assess and efficiently organize examinee information, generate scores, and produce accurate comprehensive reports all via the Web.
Q Local™ Scoring and Reporting Desktop Software – Enables you to score assessments, report results, and store and export data on your computer.
Mail-in Scoring Service – Specially designed answer sheets are mailed to Pearson and are processed within 24–48 hours of receipt; results returned via regular mail.
Manual Scoring – Administer assessments on answer sheets and score them yourself with answer keys and profile/record forms.
Spotlight on the MMPI-2-RF – Yossef S. Ben-Porath, PhD
Discover more about the development, composition, and use of the MMPI-2-RF in this video series presented by co-author Yossef S. Ben-Porath, PhD.
Advantages of the MMPI-2-RF
MMPI-2-RF Development & Scales
- Development of the MMPI-2-RF (1:02)
- Overview of the Scales (2:03)
- Validity Scales (2:16)
- Higher Order Scales (1:04)
- Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales (1:20)
- Specific Problem Scales (1:39)
- Personality Psychopathology (PSY-5) Scales (1:07)
MMPI-2-RF Interpretation
MMPI-2-RF Materials and Reporting
Applications
- Use of the MMPI-2-RF in Clinical and Non-Clinical Settings (1:36)
- Forensic settings (3:12)
- Medical settings (1:35)
- Public Safety Settings (3:07)
Additional Resources
-
MMPI-2-RF Online Independent Study
Four lectures, presented by coauthor Yossef S. BenPorath, cover an introduction to the MMPI2RF, its features, the 51 scales, and interpretation guidance.
CE Available
Earn up to 4 APA CE Credits (for a nominal fee). Information to obtain CE is included with the Online Independent Study lectures.
- Introduction and overview of the MMPI-2-RF
- Documentation and Features of the MMPI-2-RF
- Scales of the MMPI-2-RF
- MMPI-2-RF Interpretation with Case Examples
Getting Started with the Q-global Training Series
View these brief training modules about Q-global:
Upcoming Webinars
-
MMPI-2-RF: Forensic Practice Briefing
Presenter: Martin Sellbom, PhD
This webinar presentation focus is on the MMPI-2-RF use in the Forensic Practice.
Composed of 338 items, with the RC (Restructured Clinical) Scales at its core, the MMPI-2-RF builds on the strengths of the MMPI®-2. It features 51 new and revised empirically validated scales and takes only 35-50 minutes to administer. The MMPI-2-RF was released in August 2008.
The MMPI-2-RF aids clinicians in the assessment of mental disorders, identification of specific problem areas, and treatment planning in a variety of settings. In forensic evaluations, the test can be used to help:
- Assess the test-taking approach. Specifically, evaluate the test-taker’s ability to respond relevantly and consistently to the test items and identify over- and under-reporting.
- Assess major symptoms of psychopathology, personality characteristics, and behavioral proclivities.
- Give strong empirical foundation for expert testimony.
-
MMPI-2-RF: Basic Overview
Presenter: Dustin B. Wygant, PhD
This webinar presentation provides a brief overview of the rationale for, and methods used to develop the MMPI-2-RF, and the various materials available to score and interpret the test.
Composed of 338 items, with the RC (Restructured Clinical) Scales at its core, the MMPI-2-RF builds on the strengths of the MMPI®-2. It features 51 new and revised empirically validated scales and takes only 35-50 minutes to administer. The MMPI-2-RF was released in August 2008.
The MMPI-2-RF aids clinicians in the assessment of mental disorders, identification of specific problem areas, and treatment planning in a variety of settings. The test can be used to help:
- Assess major symptoms of psychopathology, personality characteristics, and behavioral proclivities.
- Evaluate participants in substance abuse programs and select appropriate treatment approaches.
- Assess medical patients and design effective treatment strategies, including chronic pain management.
- Provide valuable insight for marriage and family counseling.
- Support classification, treatment, and management decisions in criminal justice and correctional settings.
- Identify high-risk candidates in public safety screening and selection settings.
- Give strong empirical foundation for expert testimony in forensic evaluations.
-
Assessing Personality Disorders with the MMPI-2-RF
Presenter: Martin Sellbom, PhD
The MMPI-2-RF scales measure a wide range of psychological constructs many of which are relevant to personality disorders. This webinar will cover an empirically validated mapping of MMPI-2-RF scales onto the 10 personality disorders listed in the DSM-5. Basic links between the MMPI-2-RF and the alternative model for personality disorders (in DSM-5 Section III) will be covered as well. The webinar will conclude with a brief case example.
Prior to attending this webinar it is recommended that you have attended the MMPI-2-RF: Basic Overview webinar or that you have an understanding of the empirical foundations of the MMPI-2-RF.
-
MMPI-2-RF: Use in Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders
Presenter: Paul A. Arbisis, PhD, ABAP, ABPP
The MMPI-2-RF is frequently used as part of a comprehensive evaluation of trauma-exposed individuals to aid in diagnostic formulation and treatment planning. In this webinar, Dr. Arbisi will discuss the utility of the MMPI-2-RF in assessing trauma-related conditions and how dysfunctional emotional and behavioral response to stressors can be identified and characterized. Further, the utility of the MMPI-2-RF in identifying common trauma-related co-morbid conditions will be illustrated. Finally, specific MMPI-2-RF scales associated with compliance and trauma-specific interventions will be reviewed and implications for treatment planning will be discussed.
Prior to attending this webinar it is recommended that you have attended the MMPI-2-RF: Basic Overview webinar or that you have an understanding of the empirical foundations of the MMPI-2-RF.
-
Use of the MMPI-2-RF in the Evaluation of Spine Surgery and Spinal Cord Stimulator Candidates
Presenter: Andrew R. Block, PhD, ABPP
The MMPI-2-RF is used in medical settings to assess patients and design effective treatment strategies based on personality and behavioral characteristics that may impact patient care and surgical outcomes. In this webinar, Dr. Block discusses the use of the MMPI-2-RF in pre-surgical evaluations of spine and spinal cord stimulator candidates. He will discuss the extensive clinical research base supporting use of the MMPI-2-RF in these high-risk interventions, and introduce the newest, empirically based MMPI-2-RF reports, the Spine Surgery Candidate Interpretive Report (Spine-CIR) and Spinal Cord Stimulator Candidate Interpretive Report (Stim-CIR), that will assist you in accurately and efficiently evaluating surgical candidates.
Prior to registering for this webinar it is recommended that you have attended the MMPI-2-RF: Basic Overview webinar or have an understanding of the empirical foundations of the MMPI-2-RF.
-
Case Demonstrations Using the MMPI-2-RF Police Candidate Interpretive Report (PCIR)
Presenter: Dave Corey, PhD, ABPP
This advanced webinar focuses on using the MMPI-2-RF Police Candidate Interpretive Report (PCIR) in combination with measures of normal personality, collateral/background information, and clinical interview findings to determine a candidate’s psychological suitability for police work. Additional topics will include legal considerations and best practices. Use of the PCIR in these assessments will be illustrated by the application of a comprehensive model that integrates diverse findings from actual case materials.
This webinar is designed for individuals familiar with the MMPI-2-RF – for example, those who have attended the MMPI-2-RF: Basic Overview webinar or the MMPI-2-RF: Police and Law Enforcement webinar. CE credits are offered for attending the live webinar session.
Pre-recorded Webinars
-
MMPI-2-RF: Forensic Practice Briefing
Presenter: Martin Sellbom, PhD
This webinar presentation focus is on the MMPI-2-RF use in the Forensic Practice.
Composed of 338 items, with the RC (Restructured Clinical) Scales at its core, the MMPI-2-RF builds on the strengths of the MMPI®-2. It features 51 new and revised empirically validated scales and takes only 35-50 minutes to administer. The MMPI-2-RF was released in August 2008.
The MMPI-2-RF aids clinicians in the assessment of mental disorders, identification of specific problem areas, and treatment planning in a variety of settings. In forensic evaluations, the test can be used to help:
- Assess the test-taking approach. Specifically, evaluate the test-taker’s ability to respond relevantly and consistently to the test items and identify over- and under-reporting.
- Assess major symptoms of psychopathology, personality characteristics, and behavioral proclivities.
- Give strong empirical foundation for expert testimony.
Date: Feb 14, 2018
-
Case Demonstrations Using the MMPI-2-RF Police Candidate Interpretive Report (PCIR)
Presenter: Dave Corey, Ph.D., ABPP
This advanced webinar focuses on using the MMPI-2-RF Police Candidate Interpretive Report (PCIR) in combination with measures of normal personality, collateral/background information, and clinical interview findings to determine a candidate’s psychological suitability for police work. Additional topics will include legal considerations and best practices. Use of the PCIR in these assessments will be illustrated by the application of a comprehensive model that integrates diverse findings from actual case materials. The webinar is designed for individuals familiar with the MMPI-2-RF – for example, those who have completed the MMPI-2-RF: Basic Overview webinar or the MMPI-2-RF: Police and Law Enforcement webinar.
PDF: Webinar/Workshop Session Evaluation Date: Nov 17, 2017
PDF: Case Demonstrations Using the MMPI-2-RF Police Candidate Interpretive Report (PCIR)
Video: Case Demonstrations Using the MMPI-2-RF Police Candidate Interpretive Report (PCIR) -
Assessing Personality Disorders with the MMPI-2-RF
Presenter: Martin Sellbom, Ph.D.
The MMPI-2-RF scales measure a wide range of psychological constructs many of which are relevant to personality disorders. This webinar will cover an empirically validated mapping of MMPI-2-RF scales onto the 10 personality disorders listed in the DSM-5. Basic links between the MMPI-2-RF and the alternative model for personality disorders (in DSM-5 Section III) will be covered as well. The webinar will conclude with a brief case example.
Date: Oct 19, 2017
-
MMPI-2-RF: Basic Overview
Presenter: Dustin B. Wygant, PhD
This webinar presentation provides a brief overview of the rationale for, and methods used to develop the MMPI-2-RF, and the various materials available to score and interpret the test.
Composed of 338 items, with the RC (Restructured Clinical) Scales at its core, the MMPI-2-RF builds on the strengths of the MMPI®-2. It features 51 new and revised empirically validated scales and takes only 35-50 minutes to administer. The MMPI-2-RF was released in August 2008. The MMPI-2-RF aids clinicians in the assessment of mental disorders, identification of specific problem areas, and treatment planning in a variety of settings. The test can be used to help:
- Assess major symptoms of psychopathology, personality characteristics, and behavioral proclivities.
- Evaluate participants in substance abuse programs and select appropriate treatment approaches.
- Assess medical patients and design effective treatment strategies, including chronic pain management.
- Provide valuable insight for marriage and family counseling.
- Support classification, treatment, and management decisions in criminal justice and correctional settings.
- Identify high-risk candidates in public safety screening and selection settings.
- Give strong empirical foundation for expert testimony in forensic evaluations.
Continuing Education (CE) credits are not offered for this webinar. For information on upcoming MMPI-2-RF CE workshops, visit http://www.pearsonclinical.com/mmpiworkshops”
Date: May 17, 2017
-
MMPI-2-RF: Use in Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders
Presenter: Paul A. Arbisi, Ph.D., ABAP, ABPP
The MMPI-2-RF is frequently used as part of a comprehensive evaluation of trauma-exposed individuals to aid in diagnostic formulation and treatment planning. In this webinar, Dr. Arbisi will discuss the utility of the MMPI-2-RF in assessing trauma-related conditions and how dysfunctional emotional and behavioral response to stressors can be identified and characterized. Further, the utility of the MMPI-2-RF in identifying common trauma-related co-morbid conditions will be illustrated. Finally, specific MMPI-2-RF scales associated with compliance and trauma-specific interventions will be reviewed and implications for treatment planning discussed. Prior to attending this webinar, it is recommended that you have attended the MMPI-2-RF: Basic Overview webinar presented by Dr. Yossef Ben-Porath or that you have an understanding of the empirical foundations of the MMPI-2-RF.
Date: Apr 18, 2017
PDF: MMPI-2-RF: Use in Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders Video: MMPI-2-RF: Use in Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders
Questions
Frequently asked questions follow. Click on a question to see the response.
Invalid Report and Demographic Defaults
- What are the demographic default values and scorability rules for an MMPI-2-RF administration?
- My MMPI-2-RF Score Report is invalid, but it doesn’t say that on the report. Why not?
- How does the MMPI-2-RF Interpretive Report deal with invalid protocols?
- My MMPI-2 report was scorable and valid, but my MMPI-2-RF report was not scorable and valid. Which test and report should I rely upon?
Norms and Scales
- Does the MMPI-2-RF have different norms than the MMPI-2?
- Are there norms for different cultures for the MMPI-2-RF test?
- What is the FBS-r (Symptom Validity) Scale?
- Are the Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales in the MMPI-2-RF the same as the RC Scales in the MMPI-2?
- Are the MMPI-2-RF T scores K-corrected?
Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales
- What kind of documentation is available for the RC Scales?
- What is the research base for the RC Scales?
- How were the RC Scales developed?
- Do the RC Scales overlap?
- Why don’t scales 5 and 0 have corresponding RC Scales?
- What are the intercorrelations of the RC Scales, and, in comparison, of the Clinical Scales?
- What are the test-retest reliabilities of the RC Scales?
- What are the internal consistencies of the RC Scales?
- Do I use the traditional cut-offs to evaluate elevations on the RC Scales?
- Are the RC Scales K-corrected? Why not?
- Are the Clinical Scales less valid than the RC Scales?
- What is the Demoralization Scale?
- Are the RC Scales useful with non-clinical populations that typically produce within-normal-limits profiles, like personnel/employee testing and child custody evaluations?
- How do the Clinical Scales and the RC Scales differ in how they assess psychopathology?
Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation Help and other Information
- What is the RBS Scale?
- Can I create my own comparison group?
- Why didn’t I receive all of the references in the End Notes section of my MMPI-2-RF Interpretive Report: Clinical Settings?
- Can the MMPI-2-RF Interpretive Report serve as a complete and independent psychological report on a client?
- Can I exchange unused MMPI-2 report usages for MMPI-2-RF usages?
- Can I print an MMPI-2 report and an MMPI-2-RF report for the same test-taker?
- Can I administer an “abbreviated” MMPI-2 test (first 370 items only) and get an MMPI-2-RF report?
- Where can I find further information about the MMPI-2-RF Interpretive Report?
- Where can I find information about the content validity, construct validity, and criterion validity of the MMPI-2-RF instrument?
- Are there tables in the MMPI-2-RF manuals converting MMPI-2 item ordering to MMPI-2-RF item ordering and vice versa?
- Are all MMPI-2-RF scales copyrighted?
- Should I use the MMPI-2-RF instrument in light of the recent ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) and the Civil Rights Act?
